Jaffna, Yapanaya is the capital city of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka.It is administrative headquarters of the jaffna district located on a peninsula of the same name.With a population of 88,138,Jaffna is Sri Lankas 12th largest city.Jaffna is approximately six miles from kandarodai which served as an emporium in the jaffna peninsula from classical antiquity.Jaffna suburb Nallur served as the capital of the four-century-long medieval jaffna kingdom.Prior to the Sri Lankan civil war,It was Sri lankas second most populated city after the commercial capital colombo.The 1980s insurgent uprising led to extensive damage,expulsion of part of the population,and military occupation.Since the end of the civil war in 2009,refugees and internally displaced people have started to return to their homes and government and private sector reconstruction has begun.
Historically Jaffna has been a contested city.It was made into a colonial port town during the portugese occupation of the jaffna peninsula in 1619 who lost it to the dutch,Only to lose it to the british in 1796.And during the post-independence civil war the rebel liberation tigers of tamil eelam LTTE occupied jaffna in 1986.The indian peace keeping force IPKF briefly occupied the city in 1987.The LTTE again occupied the city from 1989 until 1995,when the Sri Lankan military regained control.
The majority of the citys population are Sri Lankan tamils with significant
number of sri lankan moors,Indian tamils and other ethnic groups present in the city prior to the civil war.Most Sri lankan tamils are Hindus followed by Christians ,Muslims and a small Buddhist minority.The city is home to number oeducational institutions established during the colonial and post-colonial period.It also has number of commercial institutions,minor industrial units,banks,hotels and other government institutions.It is home to many historical sites such as the popular jaffna library that was burnt down and rebuilt and the jaffna fort rebuilt during the dutch colonial period.
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